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An early map of Botany Bay, site of the first Australian penal colony. Australian penal colonies refers to the transportation of approximately 162,000 prison convicts from Britain and Ireland to Australia and Tasmania in the eighty year period between 1788 and 1868.
determine why the British government in 1786 decided to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay on the east coast of the newly discovered New South Wales that was situated many thousands of kilometres from English ports and outposts.
In May 1787, eleven ships left England with more than seven hundred convicts on board, along with orders to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay, New South Wales.
The "Convict Indents (Ship and Arrival Registers) 1788-1868" records included on this site is an (incomplete) listing of individual-level information taken from the shipping lists regarding convicts transported to the Australian colonies of New South Wales, Van Diemen’s Land (now Tasmania) and Swan River (now Western Australia).
About 162,000 male and female prisoners were sent to Botany Bay between 1788 and 1868, the last year that convicts were sent there. Most prisoners at Botany Bay were from England, Ireland, or Scotland, but some were from other colonies of England such as Canada, India, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and the countries of the Caribbean Sea.
those who made the Botany Bay decision in August 1786. 'The East coast of New South Wales' was simply the last choice left in a succession of attempts to find a destination to which British convicts could be sent after the American destination had been closed to them. The theory that Botany Bay was founded primarily to become a new
In 1788 Captain Arthur Phillip (1738-1814) arrived at Botany Bay, New South Wales, with 760 convicts to open up the first penal settlement in Australia. He eventually chose a site at Sydney Cove in Port Jackson, near to Circular Quay in modern Sydney.
