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1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE FUNDAMENTALS LEARNING OBJECTIVES To review the basics concepts of atomic structure that have direct relevance to the fundamental concepts of organic chemistry. This material is essential to the understanding of organic molecular structure and, later on, reaction mechanisms.
To understand why atoms form molecules. interpret the properties of elements that are important for life from the periodic table. understand why and how atoms form bonds. draw Lewis dot and line structures to represent chemical bonds. What is life? Why is an elephant alive but a table inert?
Like all atoms, the carbon atom is made of only three particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. There are several ways to represent a carbon atom. Each model has strengths and weaknesses. This is called the electron cloud model. It shows the areas where the electrons “live” around the nucleus (center) of the atom.
configuration of carbon. The atomic number of carbon is 6. What would be the distribution of electrons in various shells for carbon? How many valence electrons will carbon have? We know that the reactivity of elements is explained as their tendency to attain a completely filled outer shell, that is, attain noble gas configuration.
Carbon atoms are the basis of most molecules that make up organisms and are involved in most processes that support life. The atomic structure of carbon gives
Groups of atoms or single atoms can be added to hydrocarbon chains that greatly influence the physical and chemical properties of these molecules. Double and triple bonds are functional groups.
Look at the number of carbon atoms in each molecule and the way they are bonded together. Even within this small class of molecules there’s great variety—glycine and alanine have only two or three carbon atoms; phenylalanine has nine. Lysine has a chain of atoms; tryptophan has rings.
