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During the Civil War, if signals were to be displayed in the presence of an enemy, they were guarded by ciphers. These ciphers were capable of frequent changes. The rules by which these changes were made, had to be simple.
- Cryptology
Although William Blairs turn-of-the-century essay, Cipher,...
- Cryptology
The Confederate Cipher Disc was a mechanical wheel cipher consisting of two concentric discs, each with the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet, that was used for the encryption of secret messages of the Confederacy during the American Civil War (1861-1865).
The cipher disk came into large· scale use in the United States for the first time in the Civil War. The Federals' Chief Signal Officer patented a version of it, very similar to the original Italian disk, for use in flag signaling.
Modern representation of the Union Cipher Disk, from the American Civil War, which was 3.75 inches (95 mm) in diameter and made of light yellow heavy card stock. It consisted of two concentric disks of unequal size revolving on a central pivot.
24 Αυγ 2018 · This chapter looks at the cipher systems used by both the Union and Confederate sides during the American Civil War. It also presents a description of the biggest cryptanalytic breakthrough of the nineteenth century, the breaking of the unbreakable cipher, the Vigenère.
Most often a cipher disk was used to encrypt the letters before they were waved. Signalmen needed to place themselves in a visible vantage point which not only allowed them to signal across great distances, it also gave them an extended view of the surrounding area. Part of their job was to report any actions of the enemy they may see.
While the Vigenere cipher can be practiced with the alphabet square written on a piece of paper, the Confederate also used physical devices such as a cipher cylinder, a cipher machine/cipher box, or a cipher disk.
