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14 Δεκ 2021 · Clinical signs are not usually noted until [Na] is >170 mmol/L.3 Patients can be profoundly obtunded or twitching, or they may present with seizures and hyperthermia. Massive oral salt intake also results in gastrointestinal upset, which may cause confusion regarding the etiology of the hypernatremia.4.
If hypernatremia develops slowly, the brain has time to adapt to the hypertonic state by production of intracellular solutes and thus human patients with chronic hypernatremia are relatively asymptomatic.35 Clinical signs of acute hypernatremia include anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, muscular weakness, disorientation, ataxia, seizure, coma, and ...
The clinical symptoms of hypernatremia are usually vague, and neurological in nature, such as lethargy, confusion, decreased mental state. Acute hypernatremia (e.g., large amount of salted water intake or hypertonic saline administration) can lead to seizures and death due to acute brain shrinkage.
Acute hypernatremia (i.e., occurring over ≤24 hours) causes cellular shrinkage but is particularly deleterious within the central nervous system, with widespread intracranial hemorrhages and irreversible brain injury. Clinical signs are not usually noted until [Na] is >170 3mmol/L. Patients can be profoundly obtunded
Danger values: clinical signs of hypernatremia are more related to rapidity of onset than to magnitude of change and associated hyperosmolality. Neurologic signs may occur with Na concentrations greater than 170 mEq/L in dogs and greater than 175 mEq/L in cats.
Clinical signs vary considerably and usually do not occur until serum sodium concentration is >170 mEq/L in dogs. Clinical signs are associated with the rate and magnitude of change of sodium concentration. Signs are predominantly neurologic.
Correction of hypernatremia through inappropriate fluid therapy can result in even more severe complications, ranging from cerebral edema to coma and death. This article reviews the pathophysiology, causes, classification, treatment, and prognosis of hypernatremia.
