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  1. Magnesium reduction is a function of the amount of hydroxyl (OH -) alkalinity excess maintained. Figures 7-1 and 7-2 show these relationships. Noncarbonate or permanent calcium hardness, if present, is not affected by treatment with lime alone.

  2. corrosive than carbon dioxide O2 removed mechanically and/or chemically Graph courtesy of: www.engineeeringtoolbox.com ... Boiler Water Silica ppm (mg/L) SiO2 ≤150 ≤90 ≤40 ≤30 ≤20 ≤8 ≤2 ≤1 Emergency Minimum Boiler Water ... Free OH-alkalinity, ppm (mg/L) NS Specific conductance µmhos/cm (µS/cm) @ 25°C without neutralization ...

  3. 3 Μαρ 2014 · It works by precipitating calcium and magnesium ions through the addition of lime (Ca (OH)2) and soda ash (Na2CO3). The process can be done hot or cold and involves a series of chemical reactions to remove carbonate, sulfate, and magnesium hardness.

  4. 1 Δεκ 2014 · CO 2 removal efficiency and absorption capacity (C:Mg ratio) were used to evaluate the absorption performance. Carbon dioxide removal efficiency increases with the increase of liquid height in the column, while the other parameters affect the efficiency in a more complex way.

  5. 1 Ιαν 2015 · Al 2 (SO 4) 3 + 3 Ca (HCO 3) → 2 Al (OH) 3 + 3 CaSO 4 + 6 CO 2 The Al(OH) 3 is capable of enmeshing fine particles and bridging particles so that flocculation (gathering together of coagulated particles) takes place and the system becomes a suspension of Al(OH) 3 finally resulting in sedimentation.

  6. 1 Οκτ 2023 · Inappropriate boiler feed water treatment results in significant operating failures, which can adversely affect the healthy operation of industrial boilers.

  7. • Magnesium Reaction: Mg(OH) 2 Magnesium Hydroxide [Adequate Alkalinity] Fuel Loss Due To Scale • The chart on the left shows the fuel loss in a boiler based on thickness of scale. • 1/32” = 8.5% • 1/25” = 9.3% • 1/20” = 11.1% • 1/16” = 12.4% • 1/8” = 25% • 1/4” = 40% • 3/8” = 55% • 1/2” = 70%

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