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  1. Competition is one of many interacting biotic and abiotic factors that affect community structure, species diversity, and population dynamics (shifts in a population over time) (Lang & Benbow 2013). Competition within and between species for resources is important in natural selection.

  2. Chapter 2 discusses the definitions of interspecific competition used from the middle of the twentieth century until today. It shows that definitions based on mutual resource use or mutually negative effects on population growth have both been used in the past, and both are still being used.

  3. A fully developed ecological theory of competition (or any other ecological interaction) should have multiple levels of complexity. The minimum level of complexity for competition theory is one that includes simple forms of resource dynamics and consumer functional and numerical responses.

  4. To what extent has competition theory embraced the use of consumer–resource models, included more than two competitors, addressed questions other than coexistence, and dealt with the other issues raised above? I examine a set of the most influential recent works on ecological competition to shed light on this question.

  5. Competition, in ecology, utilization of the same resources by organisms of the same or of different species living together in a community, when the resources are not sufficient to fill the needs of all the organisms.

  6. Competition is most typically considered the interaction of individuals that vie for a common resource that is in limited supply, but more generally can be defined as the direct or indirect...

  7. During interference competition, also called contest competition, organisms interact directly by fighting for scarce resources. For example, large aphids defend feeding sites on cottonwood leaves by ejecting smaller aphids from better sites.

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