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Damping is the property of a vibrating system in which the amplitude of the vibration gradually decreases due to external action and/or inherent properties of the system itself and the quantitative character-ization of this property.
The damping may be quite small, but eventually the mass comes to rest. If the damping constant is \(b = \sqrt{4mk}\), the system is said to be critically damped, as in curve (\(b\)). An example of a critically damped system is the shock absorbers in a car. It is advantageous to have the oscillations decay as fast as possible.
Critical damping viewed as the minimum value of damping that prevents oscillation is a desirable solution to many vibration problems. Increased damping implies more energy dissipation, and more phase lag in the response of a system. Reduced damping means more oscillation, which is often undesirable.
Damping is a frictional force, so it generates heat and dissipates energy. When the damping constant b is small we would expect the system to still oscillate, but with decreasing amplitude as its energy is converted to heat.
This review summarizes the basic principles of vibration control and analyses the vibration control strategies for different damping materials and damping structures. Meanwhile, various models of bio-damped structures are outlined.
The critically damped oscillator returns to equilibrium at \(X = 0\) in the smallest time possible without overshooting. Critical damping is often desired, because such a system returns to equilibrium rapidly and remains at equilibrium as well.
