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Odds Ratio The OR is the preferred measure of association for case–control data. Conceptually, it is calculated as the odds of exposure among case-patients divided by the odds of exposure among controls.
The Mantel-Haenszel weighted odds ratio, risk ratio, summary chi square, and p-value calculations combine results from different strata to remove confounding caused by the variables used for stratification. If tables are created for male and female, confounding by sex is removed.
Definition of risk ratio. A risk ratio (RR), also called relative risk, compares the risk of a health event (disease, injury, risk factor, or death) among one group with the risk among another group. It does so by dividing the risk (incidence proportion, attack rate) in group 1 by the risk (incidence proportion, attack rate) in group 2.
22 Μαΐ 2023 · The odds ratio (OR) is a measure of how strongly an event is associated with exposure. The odds ratio is a ratio of two sets of odds: the odds of the event occurring in an exposed group versus the odds of the event occurring in a non-exposed group.
The degree of confounding can be judged by comparing the crude and weighted odds ratios; if they are identical, there was no confounding by sex. The Approximate (Cornfield and Greenland/Robins) and Exact confidence limits provide additional measures.
The odds ratio is an indicator of the effect of exposure on the likelihood of becoming ill. In this example the odds ratio is 2.78 (89/32) and the confidence limits range from 1.86 – 4.17. (confidence limits that are above or below 1 are an indicator of significance).
The fundamental methods for comparing the frequency of disease (or health events in general) are to: Calculate a ratio of the two measures of disease frequency (by dividing one by the other) or. Calculate the difference between the two measures by subtraction.
