Αποτελέσματα Αναζήτησης
American history is filled with references to “God,” “Creator,” “Author,” and “Nature’s God;” such references honor America’s values and religious heritage. Congress first officially adopted the Pledge of Allegiance in 1942, during World War II, to encourage patriotism.
A regulation requiring that pupils in public schools salute the flag and recite the pledge of allegiance was constitutional as applied to children entertaining a conscientious religious belief that such obeisance to the flag is forbidden by the Bible.
14 Ιουν 2023 · Justice Felix Frankfurter wrote in the majority opinion that “conscientious scruples have not, in the course of the long struggle for religious toleration, relieved the individual from obedience to a general law not aimed at the promotion or restriction of religious beliefs.”
The Pledge as now written forces school children into an untenable position: they must choose between pledging allegiance to their country (in a time of terror) and being true to their own religious traditions (or perhaps their belief in the separation of church and state).
23 Μαρ 2021 · We call on States to operationalise the Rabat threshold test, which sets the right balance between protecting freedom of expression and prohibiting incitement to hatred, based on a case-by-case assessment of the context, speaker, intent, content, extent of dissemination and likelihood of harm.
Pledge of Allegiance is best understood not as a dispute between "believers" and "atheists," but as a struggle over the meaning, signifi- cance, and propriety of civil religion in America.
By exploring the ongoing controversy whether teacher-led recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools is constitutional, this paper demonstrates how and why Christians have much to gain from reverting the pledge to its pre-1954 text.
