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31 Μαΐ 2016 · The \(z\)-axis is collinear with the highest-order rotational axis (principal axis). For planar molecules, if the z-axis is perpendicular to the molecular plane: The \(x\)-axis lies in the plane of the molecule and passes through the greatest number of atoms.
We say a plane wave is linearly polarized if there is no phase difference between Ex and Ey. We can write linear polarizations as E~ 0 =(Ex,Ey,0) (8) and choose the overall phase so that Ex and Ey are real numbers. If Ey =0 but Ex =/ 0, we have E~ =E 0 xˆei(kz−ωt) (9) with E0 =|E~0| just a number now. Then, from Eq. (2), since zˆ×xˆ=yˆ ...
The electric field on certain propagation position will oscillate only on the x-axis with the angular frequency of omega, which is shown as below: Fig.2 x-axis linear polarization 12 . Thus, the similar polarization of electric field on only a specific straight direction is defined as linear polarization.
A beam linearly polarized along the x-axis and traveling in the positive z-direction can be represented by: E(z,t)=E0xöcos(kz"!t) (4.3) where xö is the unit vector along the x-axis. Of course, the choice of coordinate system is completely arbitrary. If we have a second coordinate system rotated by an angle θ, about the z-
11 Ιαν 2023 · We arbitrarily called that direction the \(x\)-axis. If a wave spreads out on a surface instead, then it is a two-dimensional wave. For example, ripples on the surface of a pond represent a two-dimensional water wave. A wave that spreads outward in all directions is a three-dimensional wave. Examples of three-dimensional waves are typical sound ...
The simplest representation of Maxwell’s equations is in differential form, which leads directly to waves; the alternate integral form is presented in Section 2.4.3. The differential form uses the vector del operator ∇: ∇ ≡ xˆ ∂ + ∂x yˆ ∂ ∂ ∂y. + zˆ ∂z.
A. Light polarization and Jones Matrix. Recall that in an isotropic medium, electromagnetic field travelling along z direction can be further divided into 2 independent Polarizations: . (Ex, Hy only) 0 = −. (1) And. 0 = (2) Or (Ey, Hx only) 0 = −. (3) And. 0 = (4) So far, our discussion in the wave optics does not include polarization effect.
