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Such objects have actually been made and are in common use—they are called diffraction gratings. In one of its forms, a diffraction grating consists of nothing but a plane glass sheet, transparent and colorless, with scratches on it.
The effects of diffraction are often seen in everyday life. The most striking examples of diffraction are those that involve light; for example, the closely spaced tracks on a CD or DVD act as a diffraction grating to form the familiar rainbow pattern seen when looking at a disc.
Lecture Video: Diffraction, Resolution. The phenomena related to diffraction are the focus of the lecture. Prof. Lee explains the mathematical description of the diffraction pattern of the wave traveling through a wide slit.
Diffraction refers to what happens to a wave when it hits an obstacle. The key to understanding diffraction is a very simple observation first due to Huygens in 1678. Say a wave arrives at an opaque screen with a little hole in it.
In order to form an interference pattern, the incident light must satisfy two conditions: (i) The light sources must be coherent. This means that the plane waves from the sources must maintain a constant phase relation. For example, if two waves are completely out of phase with φ=π, this phase difference must not change with time.
Diffraction describes the behavior when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit. Wolfram|Alpha provides tools for computing diffraction patterns for a large range of diffraction obstacles, including single slits, double slits, circular holes, diffraction gratings and more.
This video works through the math needed to predict diffraction patterns that are caused by single-slit interference.
