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  1. 1. A number indicates the energy level (The number is called the principal quantum number.). 2. A letter indicates the type of orbital; s, p, d, f. 3. A superscript indicates the number of electrons in the orbital. Example: ls 2 means that there are two electrons in the ‘s’ orbital of the first energy level. The element is helium.

  2. 8. The following diagram shows 5 different energy levels (n) that electrons can occupy. Use the diagram to answer each of the following questions: a. EXAMPLE Give a situation that could result in an electron making a quantum leap. An electron gains energy and moves from n=1 to n= 3. b. Give a situation that would result in an electron giving ...

  3. The different values of n correspond to the allowed energies that the electron can have. These energies are called “energy levels”. The lowest energy level has n = 1 and is called the ‘ground state’. All other energy levels are called ‘excited states’. The average size of the electron’s orbit are also controlled by the value of n:

  4. The lowest potential energy arrangement of electrons in an atom is called the ground state. Ground state electron configurations can be predicted by a strict set of rules known as the Aufbau Principle (“aufbau”means filling up).

  5. energy levels. Mg has atomic # = 12, thus has 12 (p+) and 12 (e-). Filling lower energy levels with electrons first (2, 8, 2). Mg is in group 2 thus should have 2(e-) in its outer energy level. Draw energy level diagrams for each of the following atoms: 1. Fluorine 2. Lithium 3. Phosphorus

  6. Energy Levels, Electrons, and Covalent Bonding EXPLAIN IT WITH ATOMS & MOLECULES 1. Write a short caption under each picture to describe the process of covalent bonding. The electron from each hydrogen atom covalent bond. 2. What are two conditions atoms must have to form covalent bonds with one another?

  7. How many sublevels would you expect to exist in the 5th energy level? The number of sublevels equals the energy level number, so in the 5 th energy level we should expect 5 sublevels to exist.

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