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15 Σεπ 2022 · Identify the general structure for an ester. Use common names to name esters. Name esters according to the IUPAC system. Esters have the general formula RCOOR ′, where R may be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, and R′ may be an alkyl group or an aryl group but not a hydrogen atom.
The ester linkage is also present in animal fats and in many biologically important molecules. The chemical industry uses esters for a variety of purposes. Ethyl acetate, for instance, is a commonly used solvent, and dialkyl phthalates are used as plasticizers to keep polymers from becoming brittle.
In this lab, esterification occurs when an alcohol and a carboxylic acid are reacted in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as concentrated sulfuric acid. Example of an esterification reaction: Other synthetic pathways to esters also exist. Acid chlorides react with alcohols to yield an ester and hydrochloric acid.
Learning Objectives. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Identify the general structure for an ester. Use common names to name esters. Name esters according to the IUPAC system. Compare the boiling points of esters with alcohols of similar molar mass.
Use our revision notes to understand the formation of esters for A Level chemistry, their uses and their role in testing for alcohols. Learn more.
Esters are sweet-smelling oily liquids used in food flavourings and perfumes. Ethanoic acid will react with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid (catalyst) to form the ester, ethyl ethanoate: CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O.
Biology Lead. Lipids are macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Unlike carbohydrates, lipids contain a lower proportion of oxygen. Lipids are non-polar and hydrophobic (insoluble in water) There are two groups of lipid that you need to know: Triglycerides (the main component of fats and oils) Phospholipids.
