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Starting with the energy level/shell closest to the nucleus electrons fill the different shells in order of increasing energy. Energy levels or shells can be divided into sub-shells, which can hold different numbers of electrons. Within each sub-shell there are one or more orbitals.
14 Αυγ 2020 · When drawing orbital diagrams, we include empty boxes to depict any empty orbitals in the same subshell that we are filling. Carbon (atomic number 6) has six electrons. Four of them fill the 1 s and 2 s orbitals.
18 Μαΐ 2021 · Hund's rule specifies the order of electron filling within a set of orbitals. Orbital filling diagrams are a way of indicating electron locales in orbitals.
8 Σεπ 2020 · Orbitals with the lowest principal quantum number have the lowest energy and will fill up first, in smaller atoms. Larger atoms with more subshells will seem to fill "out of order", as the other factors influencing orbital energy become important.
Orbitals are filled from the lowest energy to the highest energy. The usual energy order is from s ⇒ p ⇒ d. The transition metals are an anomaly. The 4s sub-shell is of a lower energy than the 3d sub-shell, and so here the filling order is: 3s ⇒ 3p ⇒ 4s ⇒ 3d.
Shells and subshells are filled in energy level order, so electrons will fill the 4s subshell before the 3d shell. Orbitals are filled singly by electrons and will only double up once all orbitals have at least one electron to prevent repulsion by pairing.
The filling order follows: 1s→2s→2p→3s→3p→4s→3d→4p→5s→4d→5p→6s→4f→5d→6p→7s→5f→6d→7p. Electron configurations and orbital box diagrams can be written right from the periodic table. The periodic table below, shows the s, p, d, and f-blocks.
