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FLUTD describes a collection of common conditions that affect the bladder and/or urethra – the narrow tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. It includes the condition commonly known as cystitis – inflammation of the bladder – and does not usually involve the kidneys.
Urinary crystals and bladder stones (calculi) are found in many cats with FLUTD. The two most common types of urinary crystals found in cats are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and calcium oxalate. In cats it is very common for crystals to develop without stones forming.
Cats with FLUTD usually present with signs of dysuria (difficult urination), pollakiuria (increased frequency of urination), haematuria, agitation or vocalisation (crying or howling) when trying to urinate, urethral obstruction, and/or periuria (inappropriate urination).
FLUTD in cats < 10 years of age is feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), followed by uroliths, and urethral plugs. A diagnosis of FIC is made by excluding all other causes of FLUTD. In older cats (> 10 years), urinary tract infection and/or uroliths are the most common cause of FLUTD.
Francesca Riccomini BSc(Hons), BVetMed, MRCVS, DAS(CABC), CCAB, on why cats suffer from FLUTD and a behavioural approach to management. THE term FLUTD covers a range of conditions that affect the bladder and urethra in cats. It is generally only diagnosed as a result of behavioral changes.
FLUTD (Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease) can be used to describe a variety of conditions that can affect the bladder and urethra of cats. Urinary stones are a collection of minerals in the bladder. These stones can then migrate to the urethra and become lodged there, causing an obstruction.
Your cat has lower urinary tract disease, often referred to as feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). FLUTD is a life-threatening blockage and inflammation of the urinary tract characterized by the frequent, painful passage of bloody urine.
