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We can distinguish between two classes of waves, based on the motion of the medium through which it propagates. With transverse waves, the elements of the medium oscillate back and forth in a direction perpendicular to the motion of the wave.
14 Μαΐ 2023 · Waves come in two kinds, longitudinal and transverse. Transverse waves are like those on water, with the surface going up and down, and longitudinal waves are like of those of sound, consisting of alternating compressions and rarefactions in a medium.
The longitudinal waves in an earthquake are called pressure waves (P-waves) and the transverse waves are called shear waves (S-waves). These two types of waves propagate at different speeds, and the speed at which they travel depends on the rigidity of the medium through which they are traveling.
What characteristics, properties, or behaviors are shared by the phenomena that we typically characterize as being a wave? How can waves be described in a manner that allows us to understand their basic nature and qualities? A wave can be described as a disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another location.
A wave’s frequency can be measured by how many crests (or how many troughs) pass a location in a certain amount of time. A wave with a larger frequency has more energy. If a wave’s frequency doubles, its energy also doubles. A wave’s energy is proportional to the square of its amplitude.
A wave is a disturbance that moves from the point of creation with a wave velocity \(v_w\). A wave has a wavelength \(\lambda\) which is the distance between adjacent identical parts of the wave. Wave velocity and wavelength are related to the wave’s frequency and period by \(v_w = \frac{\lambda}{T}\) or \(v_w = f\lambda\).
Section Learning Objectives. By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following: Describe superposition of waves. Describe interference of waves and distinguish between constructive and destructive interference of waves. Describe the characteristics of standing waves.
