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Common examples of simple sugars or monosaccharides are glucose and fructose. Both of these monosaccharides are referred to as hexoses since they have six carbons. Glucose is abundant in many plant sources and makes up sweeteners such as corn sugar or grape sugar. Fructose found in honey and fruits.
- 3.2: Carbohydrates
Glucose, galactose, and fructose are isomeric...
- 3.2: Carbohydrates
Course: AP®︎/College Biology > Unit 1. Lesson 4: Properties, structure, and function of biological macromolecules. Molecular structure of DNA. Antiparallel structure of DNA strands. Molecular structure of RNA. Introduction to amino acids. Overview of protein structure. Introduction to carbohydrates. Carbohydrates.
The most common monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and mannose. Of these sugars, all but one (fructose) exists as an aldehyde. Fructose and some other less well known sugars are ketones. Figure 2.148 shows the structure of these sugars.
Glucose, galactose, and fructose are isomeric monosaccharides (hexoses), meaning they have the same chemical formula but have slightly different structures. Glucose and galactose are aldoses, and fructose is a ketose.
Fructose, glucose and galactose are all hexoses. However, whereas glucose and galactose are aldoses (reducing sugars), fructose is a ketose (a non-reducing sugar). It also has a five-atom ring rather than a six-atom ring. Fructose reacts with glucose to make the disaccharide
28 Φεβ 2021 · Although glucose, galactose, and fructose all have the same chemical formula (C 6 H 12 O 6), they differ structurally and chemically (and are known as isomers) because of the different arrangement of functional groups around the asymmetric carbon; all of these monosaccharides have more than one asymmetric carbon (Figure 2).
23 Αυγ 2021 · In glucose and galactose, the carbonyl group is on the C 1 carbon, forming an aldehyde group. In fructose, the carbonyl group is on the C 2 carbon, forming a ketone group. The former sugars are called aldoses based on the aldehyde group that is formed; the latter is designated as a ketose based on the ketone group.
