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You need to know the structure of the three main monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, and galactose. Learn to draw these in preparation of your exams. More importantly, you also need to know the isomers of glucose, alpha and beta glucose (note that the groups on the right are reversed).
Glucose, an aldose, and fructose, a ketose, are structural isomers. Monosaccharides are also classified by the number of carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton. The carbon skeleton of a sugar ranges from three to seven carbons long. Glucose and other six-carbon sugars are hexoses.
The beta (β) Fructose molecule - rotatable in 3 dimensions. Fructose (fruit sugar) is a monosaccharide - formula C 6 H 12 O 6. It shares the same empirical formula with other 6-carbon (hexose) sugars such as glucose and galactose.
In this chapter, we’ll first consider how macromolecules are built. Then we’ll examine the structure and function of all four classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Chapter 3: Biological Molecules What Are Carbohydrates? • Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (1:2:1) • Composed of water-soluble sugar molecules: • Monosaccharide = Single sugar (e.g. glucose) • Disaccharide = Two sugars (e.g. sucrose) • Polysaccharide = Many sugars (e.g. starch / glycogen) • Important as:
However, when fructose is consumed in excess, these unique properties may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease. Here, we review the biochemistry, genetics, and physiology of fructose metabolism and consider mechanisms by which exces-sive fructose consumption may contribute to metabolic disease.
1 Ιουλ 2012 · This review presents molecular aspects of fructose metabolism, its characteristics and contemporary knowledge about control mechanisms in order to answer how this small molecule can exert ...
