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Unlike the poetry of English and many other modern European languages, which is based on patterns of stress accent, Greek meter is based on patterns of long and short syllables.
In terms of these two sciences, as we will now see, the multiple differentiated systems of ancient Greek poetry and song and dance and even instrumental accompaniment can all be explained on the basis of one single undifferentiated system, which is the ancient Greek language.
This chart is simply a diagram showing the relationships between common units in the Greek language from roughly 400 bce to 100 ce. It is not meant to suggest that, at some particular time and place, all of these units were in use.
Many classicists find meter to be frustrating and confusing, especially since it's often taught as a skill you'll inevitably "pick up" along the way (much like Greek accent marks); however, I find that meter (and knowing your accents!) is an invaluable tool to have in one's skill set.
All quantitative metres of Latin were adopted from Greek, and typically adapted / refined over time. Generally speaking, Latin metre was narrower in its metrical range / variation and more bound by rules.
The meter of Greek lyric poetry shows great variation within and between lines regarding the shape, number and combinations of basic metrical units. We offer a simplifying analysis in terms of markedness, in which meters are defined by distinctive violations of linguistic constraints controlling rhythm, layering, binarity, and alignment.
1 Μαρ 2005 · The meter of Greek lyric poetry shows great variation within and between lines regarding the shape, number and combinations of basic metrical units.