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Harry Hammond Hess (May 24, 1906 – August 25, 1969) was an American geologist and a United States Navy officer in World War II who is considered one of the "founding fathers" of the unifying theory of plate tectonics.
Harry Hess published 'The History of Ocean Basins' in 1962, outlining a theory of how tectonic plates can move which was later called 'sea floor spreading'. He identified the presence of mid ocean ridges, and that ocean trenches are where ocean floor is destroyed and recycled.
This process is called plate tectonics, and it transformed the thinking of geologists. One of them, Harry Hess, was an instrumental figure in figuring out how plate tectonics worked. Hess possessed two valuable skills: careful attention to detail and the ability to form sweeping hypotheses.
The seafloor spreading hypothesis was proposed by the American geophysicist Harry H. Hess in 1960. On the basis of Tharp’s efforts and other new discoveries about the deep-ocean floor, Hess postulated that molten material from Earth’s mantle continuously wells up along the crests of the mid-ocean ridges that wind for nearly 80,000 km ...
This unplanned wartime scientific surveying enabled Hess to collect ocean floor profiles across the North Pacific Ocean, resulting in the discovery of flat-topped submarine volcanoes, which he termed guyots, after the 19th-century geographer Arnold Henry Guyot.
1 Οκτ 2024 · In this paper, Hess, drawing on Holmes’s model of convective flow in the mantle, suggested that the oceanic ridges were the surface expressions of rising and diverging convective mantle flow, while trenches and Wadati-Benioff zones, with their associated island arcs, marked descending limbs.
With the discovery in 1953 of the Great Global Rift, a volcanic valley running along the midocean ridges, Hess looked back at data he had collected during the war.
