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  1. As a beneficial macronutrient, Cl − determines increased fresh and dry biomass, greater leaf expansion, increased elongation of leaf and root cells, improved water relations, higher mesophyll diffusion to CO 2, and better water- and nitrogen-use efficiency.

  2. 5 Απρ 2018 · In salt-contaminated soils, the Cl − concentration in the soil solution can be so high that Cl − influx into root cortical cells is passive, favoring a rapid accumulation in the aerial tissues.

  3. 1 Ιαν 2019 · Excessive Cl concentrations in the root xylem are critical for the plant because the Cl − loads into the root xylem determine the amount of Cl − that is delivered to the shoot (Li et al., 2017a). An excessive Cl − concentration can injure leaf cells, limiting photosynthesis (Geilfus, 2018a).

  4. 1 Μαΐ 2018 · High concentrations of chloride in the soil can increase phyto-availability of the heavy metal cadmium, accumulating in wheat grains above dietary intake thresholds.

  5. Small amounts of chloride are essential for plants, but in high concentrations it is toxic to sensitive crops (Geilfus, 2019). Low concentrations of sulfate ion in irrigation water benefit soil...

  6. 1 Δεκ 2001 · Thus, Cl − movement within the soil is largely determined by water flows. Chlorine is an essential micronutrient for higher plants. It is present mainly as Cl − . Chloride is a major osmotically active solute in the vacuole and is involved in both turgor- and osmoregulation.

  7. 7 Μαΐ 2010 · At adequate levels, chlorine acts on plant growth and development, including osmotic and stomatal regulation, production of oxygen by photosynthesis and resistance to, and tolerance of,...