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30 Οκτ 2023 · This article will review the embryology of the bone marrow as well as its histology. Additionally, the constituent cell lineages and their function will be discussed, together with clinically relevant processes and pathologies.
Bone Marrow Structure and Function. The bone marrow is found within the central cavities of axial and long bones (Figure 1). It consists of hematopoietic tissue islands and adipose cells surrounded by vascular sinuses interspersed within a meshwork of trabecular bone.
The main function of the marrow is production of haematopoietic cells which develop from a small group of self-propagating stem cells. Haematopoiesis is a tightly regulated process, via various stimulatory and inhibitory factors.
In decalcified, paraffin-embedded, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections of bone marrow, the more mature stages of the erythroid and myeloid cells, adipocytes, mast cells, and megakaryocytes can be identified, but lymphoid cells as well as immature progenitor cells can not be reliably identified.
Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Bone marrow is highly cellular. This makes identification of developing blood cells very difficult.
The bone marrow is the ∼ major hematopoietic organ, and a primary lymphoid tissue, responsible for the production of erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets.
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. [2] . In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). [3] . It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells.
