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Overview of oxidative phosphorylation. The electron transport chain forms a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives the synthesis of ATP via chemiosmosis.
The transport of ATP and ADP across the inner membrane is mediated by an integral membrane protein, the adenine nucleotide translocator, which transports one molecule of ADP into the mitochondrion in exchange for one molecule of ATP transferred from the mitochondrion to the cytosol.
The process of respiration occurs in 3 steps (when oxygen is present): Glycolysis; The Kreb’s Cycle; The Cytochrome System; The following tutorial looks at the chemistry involved in respiration and the creation of ATP, and why oxygen is essential for respiration in the long term.
6 ημέρες πριν · The structure of ATP synthase is a marvel of molecular architecture. It consists of two main components: the F0 portion, which forms the proton channel, and the F1 portion, where ATP synthesis occurs. The rotational motion between these components, driven by proton movement, is a unique feature that underscores the dynamic nature of this enzyme.
13 Φεβ 2023 · Purinergic signaling is a form of extracellular paracrine signaling that is mediated by purine nucleotides, including ATP. This process commonly entails the activation of purinergic receptors on cells within proximity, thereby transducing signals to regulate intracellular processes.
31 Αυγ 2023 · Substrate-level phosphorylation is the production of ATP from ADP by a direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate metabolic compound in an exergonic catabolic pathway.
3 Αυγ 2020 · ATP is required for the activity of key enzymes involved in membrane excitability (Na + /K + ATPase), sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium handling (Ca 2+ ATPase) and myofilament cross-bridge cycling...
