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The overall function of light-dependent reactions, the first stage of photosynthesis, is to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP, which are used in light-independent reactions and fuel the assembly of sugar molecules.
14 Απρ 2022 · ATP can be produced when the passage of electrons along a series of proteins known as the electron transport chain releases energy for the phosphorylation of ADP. This process occurs in the mitochondria during respiration and in chloroplasts during photosynthesis.
For both mitochondria and chloroplasts, the catalytic site of the ATP synthase is at a pH of about 8 and is located in a large organelle compartment (matrix or stroma) that is packed full of soluble enzymes. Consequently, it is here that all of the organelle's ATP is made (see Figure 14-49).
Then, via respiration processes, cells use oxygen and glucose to synthesize energy-rich carrier molecules, such as ATP, and carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product.
9 Αυγ 2002 · The light-capturing photosystems of chloroplasts and bacteria are proteins that are plugged through internal, energy-transducing membranes called thylakoids. Each photosystem is a complete structural and functional unit that contains two essential components.
ATP synthase is a transmembrane enzyme complex, which catalyses the generation of ATP through the condensation of ADP plus Pi. Its primary role is to produce high energy ATP molecule. ATP synthase brings out the formation of ATP at the time of light-reaction photosynthesis.
The ions flow through ATP synthase from the thylakoid space into the stroma in a process called chemiosmosis to form molecules of ATP, which are used for the formation of sugar molecules in the second stage of photosynthesis.
