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This is a chronological list of some of the most important mathematicians in history and their major achievments, as well as some very early achievements in mathematics for which individual contributions can not be acknowledged.
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777 – 1855) was arguably the greatest mathematician in history. He made groundbreaking discoveries in just about every field of mathematics, from algebra and number theory to statistics, calculus, geometry, geology and astronomy.
2700 BC – Egypt, precision surveying. 2400 BC – Egypt, precise astronomical calendar, used even in the Middle Ages for its mathematical regularity. c. 2000 BC – Mesopotamia, the Babylonians use a base-60 positional numeral system, and compute the first known approximate value of π at 3.125.
Here's a quick tally of important developments introduced throughout the ages, beginning from A to Z. Abacus One of the first tools for counting invented, the abacus was invented around 1200 B.C. in China and was used in many ancient civilizations, including Persia and Egypt.
First use of the number zero proposed by Indian mathematician Brahmagupta. Explore the timline of Mathematics.
The most influential mathematician of the 18th century was arguably Leonhard Euler (1707–1783). His contributions range from founding the study of graph theory with the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem to standardizing many modern mathematical terms and notations.
Pierre-Simon Laplace. Adrien-Marie Legendre. Carl Friedrich Gauss