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Alternatives to animal testing will be discussed in more detail in part 2 of this review; they include in vitro tests using cell lines, tissue samples, use of alternative organisms such as bacteria, 3-dimensional modeling and bioprinting, in silico tests, organ-on-chip technologies such as 3-dimensional organoids, computer modeling, and phase 0 ...
1 Σεπ 2023 · Various in vitro tests for embryotoxicity (embryonic stem cell test, micromass embryotoxicity assay, and post-implantation rat whole-embryo culture test) are currently in stages of development as screening tests.
27 Δεκ 2023 · Pharmaceutical companies continue to advocate for the use of in vitro models towards the reduction of animal use in drug discovery and development while acknowledging that further advancements...
Microtissue-derived in vitro models are promising candidates to replace animal testing, as they aim to replicate small compartments of the host organ for preclinical studies, rather than focusing on the entire, highly complex organism.
29 Οκτ 2020 · As a one-to-one replacement of an animal test with a non-animal alternative is not generally practicable, due to the inherent complexity of biological systems, it is necessary to employ a range of alternative methods.
23 Σεπ 2021 · Here, we aim to outline a testing strategy for assessing genotoxicity beginning with standard in vitro methods, such as the bacterial reverse mutation test and the in vitro micronucleus test, followed by a second tier of in vitro assays including those using advanced 3D tissue models.
1 Ιαν 2022 · Computer-based modeling and screening, conventional chemical laboratory experiments, in vitro cell-free extract-based methods, cell-based 2D and 3D assay systems, and tissues excised from spent animals or human donors are some of the approaches to alternative toxicological screening.