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•solve simple equations requiring the use of logarithms. Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Why do we study logarithms ? 2 3. What is a logarithm ? if x = an then log a x = n 3 4. Exercises 4 5. The first law of logarithms log a xy = log a x+log a y 4 6. The second law of logarithms log a xm = mlog a x 5 7. The third law of logarithms log a x y ...
Exponential functions have many applications and play a big role in this course. Working with them requires understanding the basic laws of exponents. This chapter reviews these laws before recalling exponential functions. Then it explores inverses of exponential functions, which are called logarithms.
To find the value of a logarithm we need to solve an exponential equation. Example (a) The solution of 2x = 8 is x = 3. We can write this in logarithm notation as log 2 8 = 3 ‘log of 8 to base 2 is 3’ (b) x = 5 is the solution of 2x = 32. We can write this using logarithms as log 2 32 = 5 ‘log of 32 to base 2 is 5’ (c) 102 = 100.
We will begin with a very simple definition. If b is any real number and n is a positive integer then bn means b multiplied by itself n times. The rules for the behaviour of exponents follow naturally from this definition. First, let’s try multiplying two numbers in exponential form. For example. = 27 = 23+4.
We have the following de nition of logarithms: What does it mean? First of all the assumptions (restrictions) are important. The number a, called the base of the logarithm, has to be greater than 0 and cannot be equal to 1. The number b (which we take the logarithm of) has to be greater than 0. 6).
Introduction to Logarithms -A logarithm is the inverse function for an exponent; therefore, we will review exponential functions first. Review of Exponential Functions -An exponential function has the general form (𝑥)=𝑏𝑥, where 0<𝑏<1, or 𝑏>1. -b is called the base and x is called the exponent.
1 Logarithms 1.1 Introduction Taking logarithms is the reverse of taking exponents, so you must have a good grasp on exponents before you can hope to understand logarithms properly. We begin the study of logarithms with a look at logarithms to base 10. It is important that you realise from the beginning that, as far as logarithms are concerned ...