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John Horse, Black Seminole leader. John Horse (c. 1812–1882), [1] also known as Juan Caballo, Juan Cavallo, John Cowaya (with spelling variations) and Gopher John, [2] was a man of mixed African and Seminole ancestry who fought alongside the Seminoles in the Second Seminole War in Florida.
21 Ιαν 2007 · John Horse, also known as Juan Caballo, John Cowaya, or Gopher John was the dominant personality in Seminole Maroon affairs for half a century. He counseled Seminole leaders, served as an agent of the U.S. government, and became a Mexican Army officer.
21 Σεπ 2021 · Forced to relocate, he led a group of Black Seminoles to find a new home, first heading westward to Texas and later to Mexico. Turner worked with descendants of Horse, who provided oral...
Key events, images, timelines & essays including " The largest slave rebellion in U.S. history." Interactive maps of the Black Seminole odyssey, John Horse's life, and more. Picture tour, key images, guide to 360 images visualizing the world of the Black Seminoles.
John Horse. Born in 1812 in Florida, John Horse (Juan Caballo, Juan Cavallo, and often Gopher John) rose to become one of the most successful black freedom fighters in American history. He was born into slavery and was of African-American, Indian, and Spanish descent.
16 Φεβ 2022 · John Horse courageously led Seminoles and enslaved people to freedom from Florida to Mexico, even stopping in Pine Bluff. His father Charley Cavallo was a Seminole trader, while his mother, a woman of African descent, was his slave.
10 Μαΐ 2014 · In late October 1837, Osceola contacted General Joseph Hernandez, through a black interpreter named John Cavallo (also John Horse), to arrange negotiations about ceasing hostilities. General Thomas Jesup responded by ordering Hernandez to seize Osceola and his party should he have the chance.
