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John Horse, Black Seminole leader. John Horse (c. 1812–1882), [1] also known as Juan Caballo, Juan Cavallo, John Cowaya (with spelling variations) and Gopher John, [2] was a man of mixed African and Seminole ancestry who fought alongside the Seminoles in the Second Seminole War in Florida.
21 Ιαν 2007 · John Horse, also known as Juan Caballo, John Cowaya, or Gopher John was the dominant personality in Seminole Maroon affairs for half a century. He counseled Seminole leaders, served as an agent of the U.S. government, and became a Mexican Army officer.
United States Infantry first met a young man who they would never forget: John Horse, or Juan Cavallo. Spanish lineage was not only indicated by Horse's proper name, but it also showed that he had been a slave owned by a part Hispanic and Indian master in Florida. Certainly it was not the physical appearance of young John Horse that first ...
John Horse. Born in 1812 in Florida, John Horse (Juan Caballo, Juan Cavallo, and often Gopher John) rose to become one of the most successful black freedom fighters in American history. He was born into slavery and was of African-American, Indian, and Spanish descent.
Explore the story of John Horse and the Black Seminoles, the first black rebels to beat American slavery and leaders of the largest slave rebellion in U.S. history —an original history written & designed for the Web. Learn about the slave rebellion the country tried to forget.
With the death of John Horse in Mexico City and subsequent securing of the Nacimiento land grant, the nineteenth-century odyssey of the Black Seminoles came to a close. Yet their story continued to echo across the frontier and in the lives of other historical figures.
John Horse, old and recovering from wounds following an assassination attempt, returned to his home in Nacimiento. He died in Mexico City in 1882 while on a mission to settle a dispute over their land.
