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  1. 1 Μαΐ 2022 · Less-than-lethal weapons, such as conductive energy devices (CEDs) and chemical sprays, have proliferated across law enforcement agencies over the past 30 years. This study reports on the findings of the first systematic review of the effects of police use of less-than-lethal weapons on citizen and officer harm.

  2. 20 Ιουν 2023 · The police have the unique capacity to preempt and deter violence and to reduce the use of firearms in violent encounters. But overly aggressive policing tactics have contributed to a fraught relationship with low-income minority communities in which gun violence is heavily concentrated.

  3. 22 Απρ 2020 · In this essay, we review the range of law enforcement activities focused on enforcing laws that govern the criminal misuse of guns (e.g., illegal possession) and violent crimes committed with guns (e.g., homicides, assaults, and robberies committed with firearms).

  4. 1 Ιουλ 2020 · We addressed two research questions: what variables influence the use of a firearm in a violent crime, and do premeditation and motivation increase the odds that an offender will use a firearm in a violent crime?

  5. 2 Σεπ 2022 · Research supports the evidence that comprehensive universal background checks could limit crimes associated with firearms, and enforcement of such laws and policies could prevent firearm violence (Wintemute, 2019; Lee et al., 2017).

  6. “In general, firearms should not be used except when a suspected offender offers armed resistance or otherwise jeopardizes the lives of others and less extreme measures are not sufficient to restrain or apprehend the suspected offender,” United Nations Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials

  7. 21 Φεβ 2018 · The police power to use force and firearms is granted to law enforcement officials for the fulfilment of their duties, and its exercise comes with obligations and responsibilities—notably in terms of the respect for and protection of human rights that may be affected by the use of this power.

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