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Q = mcΔT, where Q is the symbol for heat transfer (“quantity of heat”), m is the mass of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature. The symbol c stands for the specific heat (also called “ specific heat capacity ”) and depends on the material and phase.
- 14.2: The First Law of Thermodynamics
Explain how the net heat transferred and net work done in a...
- 14.2: The First Law of Thermodynamics
The symbol c stands for specific heat, and depends on the material and phase. The specific heat is the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1.00 kg of mass by 1.00 ºC. The specific heat c is a property of the substance; its SI unit is J/ (kg ⋅ K) or J/ (kg ⋅ °C ).
Explain how the net heat transferred and net work done in a system relate to the first law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy specialized for thermodynamic systems.
The first law of thermodynamics relates changes in internal energy to heat added to a system and the work done by a system. The first law is simply a conservation of energy equation: The internal energy has the symbol U. Q is positive if heat is added to the system, and negative if heat is removed; W is positive if work is done by the system ...
Figure 1.7.1: In a fireplace, heat transfer occurs by all three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation. Radiation is responsible for most of the heat transferred into the room. Heat transfer also occurs through conduction into the room, but much slower.
The law distinguishes two principal forms of energy transfer, heat and thermodynamic work, that modify a thermodynamic system containing a constant amount of matter. The law also defines the internal energy of a system, an extensive property for taking account of the balance of heat and work in the system.
Its principles constitute the laws of thermodynamics and these laws govern all phenomena in the physical universe and are in particular applied to situations where exchanges in heat and changes in entropy are relevant. In these notes we present these laws and discuss their implications. Our framing question is as follows. Framing Question.
