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A monosaccharide is a carbohydrate consisting of one sugar unit. Common examples of simple sugars or monosaccharides are glucose and fructose. Both of these monosaccharides are referred to as hexoses since they have six carbons.
- 7.1: Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
Figure \(\PageIndex{18}\): Structures of lactose and...
- 7.1: Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
Overview of carbohydrates, including structure and properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides are sugars that cannot be broken down by hydrolysis into other simpler sugars. Examples include glucose and fructose. Monosaccharides are poly- hydroxy-aldehydes or -ketones, generally with an unbranched C-chain.
4 Οκτ 2019 · The formula ((CH 2 O) 6) is the same, but the structure is much different. Below is an image of fructose: Notice that instead of the carbonyl group being at the end of the molecule, as in glucose, it is the second carbon down. This makes fructose a ketose, instead of an aldose.
The hexose D-glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide in nature. Other very common and abundant hexose monosaccharides are galactose, used to make the disaccharide milk sugar lactose, and the fruit sugar fructose. A second comparison can be made when looking at glucose, galactose, and fructose.
28 Ιουλ 2023 · Figure \(\PageIndex{18}\): Structures of lactose and fructose. Acetal links between sugars in glycans can be hydrolyzed by water (catalyzed by H +), just as with the other key biological polymers, proteins and nucleic acids.
Although a variety of monosaccharides are found in living organisms, three hexoses are particularly abundant: D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-fructose (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). Glucose and galactose are both aldohexoses, while fructose is a ketohexose.
