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  1. Anxiety is both a mental and physical state of negative expectation. Mentally it is characterized by increased arousal and apprehension tortured into distressing worry, and physically by...

  2. Spielberger defined anxiety as the tendency to experience tension and worry with regard to the appraisal of threatening situations, highlighted the multifaceted nature of anxiety, and distinguished between general levels of trait anxiety and state anxiety.

  3. 17 Μαΐ 2013 · In this review, we focus on functional responses evoked in healthy volunteers using the translational threat of shock paradigm, an experimental model of anxiety which operationalizes anxiety in the same manner as our definition above—as responses to prolonged unpredictable threats.

  4. 1 Ιαν 2002 · Anxiety is the total response of a human being to threat or danger. Each experience of anxiety involves a perception of danger, thoughts about harm, and a process of...

  5. 8 Ιουλ 2016 · Anxiety is not a response to immediate threats (like being attacked by a predatory animal), but a response to anticipated threats (like a surgical operation you’re due to have in the next...

  6. 1 Μαΐ 2020 · It is important to emphasize that the presence of comor‐bid anxiety symptoms and disorders matters in relation to treatment. Across psychiatric disorders, the presence of significant anxiety symptoms generally predicts worse outcomes, and this has been well demonstrated for depression.

  7. Measurement requires precise definitions of psychological variables such as intelligence, anxiety, altruism, hostility, love, alienation, aggression, guilt, reinforcement, frustration, and memory. Operational definitions provide precision by defining psychological variables in terms of specific operations.