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29 Ιαν 2018 · Examples of ortho-, para – directors are hydroxyl groups, ethers, amines, alkyl groups, thiols, and halogens. Here’s a concrete example: the nitration of methoxybenzene (also known as anisole). ortho- and para- products dominate, while meta – products comprise less than 3%.
- Understanding Ortho, Para, and Meta Directors
We’ll look at a generic electrophilic aromatic substitution...
- Understanding Ortho, Para, and Meta Directors
Groups with an oxygen or nitrogen attached to the aromatic ring are ortho and para directors since the O or N can push electrons into the ring, making the ortho and para positions more reactive and stabilizing the arenium ion that forms.
The ortho and para intermediates are more stable than the meta intermediate because they have more resonance forms, including one particularly favorable form that allows the positive charge to be stabilized by electron donation from the substituent oxygen atom.
27 Οκτ 2023 · The O-CH 3 Group is an ortho, para Director. Ortho and Para producst produces a resonance structure which stabilizes the arenium ion. This causes the ortho and para products for form faster than meta. Generally, the para product is preferred because of steric effects.
2 Φεβ 2018 · We’ll look at a generic electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of benzene with an ortho-, para- director (methoxybenzene) and examine the intermediates that are obtained from attack at the ortho, meta, and para positions.
Isomerism in disubstituted benzenes can be described by numbering the substituents (1,2- etc) or by the relationships ortho-, meta– and para-. There are two positions ortho – to the initial substituent and two positions meta – to it.
In the following practice problems, we will go over the ortho-, para-, and meta – directors in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. The first exercise is to make sure you know which groups are activators and deactivators as well as how that relates to the Ortho-, Para-, and Meta – directing effects.
