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pH Theory Guide 3 METTLER TOLEDO Content Preface 8 1 Introduction to pH 9 1.1 Acidic or alkaline? 9 1.2 Why are pH values measured? 11 1.3 The tools for pH measurements 12 1.3.1 The pH electrode 13 1.3.2 Reference electrodes 15 1.3.3 Combination electrodes 16 1.4 What is a pH measuring system? 17 2 Practical considerations 18
The determination of pH is one of the most common process chemical measurements made today. This booklet explains the principles behind the measurement and discusses ways of avoiding common pitfalls. The booklet also discusses industrial ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) measurements.
The aim of this book is to give a representative description of pH measurement in the process industries. The actual sensor, the pH electrode, is therefore the main focus of the text. Correct sensor use is fundamental for a meaningful pH measurement.
To be able to measure pH one needs to have a measurement tool which is sensitive to the hydrogen ions that define the pH value. The principle of the measurement is that one takes a sensor with a glass membrane which is sensitive to hydrogen ions and observes the reaction between it and a sample solution.
WHAT IS pH? pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a water solution. The acidity or alkalinity of a water solution is determined by the relative number of hydrogen ions (H +) or hydroxyl ions (OH-) present.
The Theory of pH Measurement. pH measurement has a wide variety of industrial applications in virtually every industry. These range from water conditioning to specific process related measurements to waste treatment. WHAT IS pH? pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a water solution.
pH Electrode Theory pH electrode measurements are made by comparing the readings in a sample with the readings in standards whose pH has been defined (buffers). When a pH sensing electrode comes in contact with a sample, a potential develops across the sensing membrane surface and that membrane potential varies with pH.
