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5 Νοε 2022 · Pharmacologically, alcohol is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant drug. Depending on its blood concentration, it can cause various sedative symptoms starting with relief from anxiety (0.05% or more), proceeding to disinhibition, sedation, and finally hypnosis (0.08–0.15%).
20 Μαΐ 2020 · The FDA has approved three medications for alcohol use disorder: naltrexone, acamprosate, and disulfiram. Additionally, other medications including gabapentin, baclofen, topiramate, and ondansetron show promise off-label for treating alcohol use disorder.
AUD medications alter the reinforcing effects of alcohol by affecting neurotransmitters that interact with the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway. Five neurotransmitters have been centrally implicated in AUD: dopamine, endogenous opioids, serotonin (5-HT), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate [ 18 ].
Participants with posttraumatic stress disorder were excluded in order to isolate the effects of prazosin on alcohol-related outcomes alone. Some beneficial effects were shown on drinking outcomes. 37. Wilcox CE, et al. , A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Trial of Prazosin for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder. J Addict Med, 2018.
The FDA-approved medications and others undergoing pre-clinical and clinical trials are shown. The inhibitory effects of alcohol intake are mediated through the hormone ghrelin, oxytocin and opioid receptors, that are expressed in VTA, NAc, hypothalamus and amygdala of the brain.
23 Ιαν 2014 · Pharmacologic strategies for treating alcohol dependence include generating an aversive physiological reaction to alcohol to mask positive subjective effects and administering medications that block alcohol reinforcement.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms leading to AUD is critically important for developing effective and safe pharmacological therapies. Benzodiazepines (BZs) are used to reduce the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. However, frequent use of BZs causes cross-tolerance, dependence, and cross-addiction to alcohol.
