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Refraction is the change in direction of waves that occurs when waves travel from one medium to another. Refraction is always accompanied by a wavelength and speed change. Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles and openings. The amount of diffraction increases with increasing wavelength.
The bending of a wave around the edges of an opening or an obstacle is called diffraction. Diffraction is a wave characteristic that occurs for all types of waves. If diffraction is observed for a phenomenon, it is evidence that the phenomenon is produced by waves.
Diffraction effects are the deviations from rectilinear propagation that occurs when light encounters edges, screens and apertures. These effects were explained in 1816 by French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel. Straight Wavefront: Huygens’s principle applied to a straight wavefront.
17 Νοε 2022 · Diffraction is the bending or spreading of light waves around an obstacle. The obstacle can be an aperture or slit whose size is approximately the same as the wavelength of light. The amount of bending depends on the relative size of the opening compared to the wavelength of light.
Figure 4.2.2 shows a single-slit diffraction pattern. Note that the central maximum is larger than maxima on either side and that the intensity decreases rapidly on either side. In contrast, a diffraction grating produces evenly spaced lines that dim slowly on either side of the center.
The intensity pattern for diffraction due to a single slit can be calculated using phasors as \(I = I_0 \left(\frac{sin \space \beta}{\beta}\right)^2,\) where \(\beta = \frac{\phi}{2} = \frac{\pi D \space sin \space \theta}{\lambda}\), D is the slit width, λλ is the wavelength, and θθ is the angle from the central peak.
Lecture Video: Diffraction, Resolution. The phenomena related to diffraction are the focus of the lecture. Prof. Lee explains the mathematical description of the diffraction pattern of the wave traveling through a wide slit.
