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Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 30 August 1181), born Roland (Italian: Rolando), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181.
Alexander III (born c. 1105, Siena, Tuscany—died Aug. 30, 1181, Rome) was the pope from 1159 to 1181, a vigorous exponent of papal authority, which he defended against challenges by the Holy Roman emperor Frederick Barbarossa and Henry II of England.
Alexander III, orig. Rolando Bandinelli, (born c. 1105, Siena, Tuscany—died Aug. 30, 1181, Rome), Pope (1159–81). A member of the group of cardinals who feared the growing strength of the Holy Roman Empire, he helped draw up an alliance with the Normans (1156).
alexander iii, pope Pontificate: Sept. 7, 1159 (consecrated and crowned at Ninfa, Sept. 20, 1159) to Aug. 30, 1181; born Rolandus, son of Ranutius (Bandinelli is a late attribution), Siena c. 1100 – 05; died "of old age" at Civita Castellana; buried in St. John Lateran, in the right aisle before the pulpit.
Alexander III, POPE, 1159-81 (ORLANDO BANDINELLI), born of a distinguished Sienese family; d. August 3, 1181. As professor in Bologna he acquired a great reputation as a canonist, which he increased by the publication of his commentary on the “Decretum” of Gratian, popularly known as “Summa Magistri Rolandi” (ed. Thaner, Innsbruck, 1874).
The Holy See Pontiffs Alexander III [ AR - DE - EN - ES - FR - IT - PT] Alexander III 170th Pope of the Catholic Church Beginning Pontificate: 7,20.IX.1159: End Pontificate: 30.VIII.1181: Secular Name: Rolando Bandinelli: Birth: Siena ...
8 Ιουν 2018 · Considered one of the great medieval popes, Alexander III (c. 1100–1181) held the pontificate from September 7, 1159, until his death in 1181. He is remembered for instituting the two-thirds majority rule for papal elections, championing the universities, and endorsing ecclesiastical independence.
