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In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC power system is defined as the ratio of the real power absorbed by the load to the apparent power flowing in the circuit. Real power is the average of the instantaneous product of voltage and current and represents the capacity of the electricity for performing work.
Power factor can be defined as the ratio of real power (Active power) to apparent power. It can also be defined as the absolute value of the cosine of the phase shift between the voltage and current in an AC circuit.
Power Factor (PF) is the ratio of working power, measured in kilowatts (kW), to apparent power, measured in kilovolt amperes (kVA). Apparent power, also known as demand, measures the amount of power used to run machinery and equipment during a certain period.
The power factor represents the fraction of the total power that is used to do the useful work. The other fraction of electrical power is stored in the form of magnetic energy in an inductor or electrostatic energy in the capacitor. A high power factor benefits consumers and Power Company both.
We have also seen that in an AC circuit, the quantity cos(Φ) is called the power factor. The power factor of an AC circuit is defined as the ratio of the real power (W) consumed by a circuit to the apparent power (VA) consumed by the same circuit. This therefore gives us: Power Factor = Real Power/Apparent Power, or p.f. = W/VA.
Power factor, a key parameter in AC electrical power systems, directly impacts the efficiency of power delivery and consumption. By improving the power factor, industries can achieve significant cost savings, reduce energy losses, and enhance overall system performance.
