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We now turn our attention to a generalization of propositional logic, called “predi-cate,” or “first-order,” logic. Predicates are functions of zero or more variables that return Boolean values. Thus predicates can be true sometimes and false sometimes, depending on the values of their arguments.
I. Practice in 1st-order predicate logic – with answers. 1. Mary loves everyone. [assuming D contains only humans] ∀ x love (Mary, x) Note: No further parentheses are needed here, and according to the syntax on the handout, no further parentheses are possible.
learn how predicate logic works, first informally with many examples, later with more formal definitions, and eventually, with outlooks showing you how this system sits at the interface of many disciplines.
In predicate logic predicate expressions are translated into predicate letters, such as Pò, QÔ, R€. e upper index is called the ‘arity index’. It indicates how many designators the predicate takes. In the above examples ‘is tall’ takes one ‘is bigger than’ takes two ‘opens ... with’ takes three
e most recent version of this Exercises Booklet can be downloaded from. .ac.uk/index.html, the web page of. the Logic Manual. I have also uploaded some les with partial truth tables tables, proofs in Natural Deduction, past papers with solutions a. d lecture slides. Peter Fritz has supplied a full set of exercis.
Predicates ascribe properties and relations to individuals. One-‐place (‘monadic’) predicates assign properties to single individuals. Examples: being human, being mortal, being Greek. Two-‐place (‘dyadic’) predicates assign relations to pairs of individuals.
Predicate Logic. Yimei Xiang yxiang@fas.harvard.edu. 18 February 2014. 1 Review. 1.1 Set theory. 1.2 Propositional Logic. Connectives. Syntax of propositional logic: { A recursive de nition of well-formed formulas. { Abbreviation rules. Semantics of propositional logic: { Truth tables. { Logical equivalence.
