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We now turn our attention to a generalization of propositional logic, called “predi-cate,” or “first-order,” logic. Predicates are functions of zero or more variables that return Boolean values. Thus predicates can be true sometimes and false sometimes, depending on the values of their arguments.
• A predicate is a property that is affirmed or denied about the subject (in logic, we say ‘variable’ or ‘argument’) of a statement • Consider the statement : ‘x is greater than 3’ – ‘x’ is the subject – ‘is greater than 3’ is the predicate
First-Order Logic • First-order logic is another way of knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. It is an extension to propositional logic. • FOL is sufficiently expressive to represent the natural language statements in a concise way. • First-order logic is also known as Predicate logic or First-order predicate logic. First ...
learn how predicate logic works, first informally with many examples, later with more formal definitions, and eventually, with outlooks showing you how this system sits at the interface of many disciplines.
Formal Constructs and Fundamentals. Following are the representational extensions made in First-Order Logic (Predicate Logic) over Propositional Logic constructs: New Additions: Variables (for e.g., x, y) and Constants (for e.g., Ankush, Dog) Functional Symbols: Functional constructs returning Non-Boolean values.
Predicate: a relation that maps n terms to a truth value true (T) or false (F). – LOVE (john , mary) – LOVE(father(john), john) – LOVE is a predicate. father is a function. Quantifiers: Variables are used in conjunction with quantifiers. – There are two types of quantifiers viz.., “there exist” (∃) and “for all” (∀).
involving two terms, a subject and a predicate. The logical form of a proposition is determined by its quantity (universal or particular) and quality (affirmative or negative). The analysis of logical form, types of inference, etc. constitute the subject matter of logic.
