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1 Ιουν 2015 · Primary outcomes are the most important outcomes of the study, the ones that determine its design and the study size. They represent the main reason the trial is being conducted.
The primary outcome measure is the outcome that an investigator considers to be the most important among the many outcomes that are to be examined in the study. The primary outcome needs to be defined at the time the study is designed.
19 Νοε 2020 · A primary outcome should be a measure capable of answering the main research question and is expected to directly measure at least one of the above reasons for taking risks. Treatment differences in primary outcomes generally determine whether a therapy is believed to be effective.
24 Νοε 2015 · High-quality clinical research requires careful consideration of outcome measures, both in terms of their properties and reporting. Outcome measure definition and reporting are critical aspects of trial design and conduct.
In an experimental, quasi-experimental, or analytic observational research study, the primary study outcomes arise from and align directly with the primary study aim or objective. Likewise, any secondary study outcomes arise from and directly align with any secondary study aim or objective.
In this chapter, we provide an overview of types of outcomes (with emphasis on those most relevant to observational CER studies); considerations in defining outcomes; the process of outcome ascertainment, measurement and validation; design and analysis considerations; and means to evaluate and address bias that may arise. Go to:
Outcomes cover the full cycle of care Outcome measurement includes adjustments for stage of disease, co-morbidities, and social determinants to control for patient differences. Outcomes should be standardized for each condition to optimize comparison, learning, and improvement.
