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  1. 1 Αυγ 2021 · An outlier is a data value that is so unlike other values in the sample that ignoring it can lead to significantly incorrect estimates (Chambers, Hentges, & Zhao, 2004). Outliers have the potential to exert a disproportionately large influence on a statistical analysis (i.e., high leverage).

  2. 14 Ιαν 2013 · In summary, the decisions that researchers make about how to define, identify, and handle outliers have important implications. Specifically, such decisions change substantive conclusions including the presence or absence, direction, and size of an effect or relationship.

  3. 30 Νοε 2021 · It’s important to carefully identify potential outliers in your dataset and deal with them in an appropriate manner for accurate results. There are four ways to identify outliers: Sorting method. Data visualization method. Statistical tests (z scores) Interquartile range method.

  4. 30 Ιουν 2010 · Examples of various outliers found in regression analysis. Case 1 is an outlier with respect to X. Case 2 is an outlier with respect to Y. Case 3 is an outlier with respect to X and Y.

  5. 1 Απρ 2013 · We offer guidelines, including decision-making trees, that researchers can follow to define, identify, and handle error, interesting, and influential (i.e., model fit and prediction)...

  6. 14 Ιαν 2013 · We provide evidence that different ways of defining, identifying, and handling outliers alter substantive research conclusions. Then, we report results of a literature review of 46 methodological sources (i.e., journal articles, book chapters, and books) addressing the topic of outliers, as well as 232 organizational science journal articles ...

  7. 1 Ιαν 2004 · The goal of this paper is to summarize the various potential causes of extreme scores in a data set (e.g., data recording or entry errors, motivated mis-reporting, sampling errors, and legitimate...