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In quantum physics and chemistry, quantum numbers are quantities that characterize the possible states of the system. To fully specify the state of the electron in a hydrogen atom, four quantum numbers are needed.
- Magnetic Quantum Number
In atomic physics, a magnetic quantum number is a quantum...
- Azimuthal Quantum Number
The term "azimuthal quantum number" was introduced by Arnold...
- Principal Quantum Number
In quantum mechanics, the principal quantum number...
- Spin Quantum Number
In physics and chemistry, the spin quantum number is a...
- Magnetic Quantum Number
Pauli proposed in 1924 a new quantum degree of freedom (or quantum number) with two possible values, to resolve inconsistencies between observed molecular spectra and the developing theory of quantum mechanics. He formulated the Pauli exclusion principle, perhaps his most important work, which stated that no two electrons could exist in the ...
He is known for the Planck constant, which is of foundational importance for quantum physics, and which he used to derive a set of units, today called Planck units, expressed only in terms of fundamental physical constants.
In 1925, Wolfgang Pauli introduced two new numbers and formulated the Pauli principle, which proposed that no two electrons in an atom could have identical sets of quantum numbers. It was later discovered that protons and neutrons in nuclei could also be assigned quantum numbers and that Pauli’s principle applied here too.
Arnold Sommerfeld (born Dec. 5, 1868, Königsberg, Prussia [now Kaliningrad, Russia]—died April 26, 1951, Munich) was a German physicist whose atomic model permitted the explanation of fine-structure spectral lines.
11 Αυγ 2017 · The original three quantum numbers describe properties of the electron cloud (orbital). Later, a fourth quantum number was added, the measurement of spin. All four quantum numbers are required when applying another important part of quantum physics, the Pauli Exclusion Principle.
11 Δεκ 2019 · A quantum number is a value that is used when describing the energy levels available to atoms and molecules. An electron in an atom or ion has four quantum numbers to describe its state and yield solutions to the Schrödinger wave equation for the hydrogen atom. There are four quantum numbers: n - principal quantum number: describes the energy level
