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14 Αυγ 2024 · A total of four quantum numbers are used to describe completely the movement and trajectories of each electron within an atom. The combination of all quantum numbers of all electrons in an atom is described by a wave function that complies with the Schrödinger equation.
The quantum numbers are parameters that describe the distribution of electrons in the atom, and therefore its fundamental nature. They are: 1. PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBER (n) - Represents the main energy level, or shell, occupied by an electron. It is always a positive integer, that is n = 1, 2, 3 ... 2.
There are four quantum numbers: n, ℓ, m ℓ, and m s. Each one is a particular factor in an equation describing a property of the electron. At this introductory level, the equations are not needed. The value of each quantum number is assigned to each electron in an atom by a "building up" process.
The principal quantum number defines the general value of the electronic energy. The angular momentum quantum number determines the shape of the orbital. And the magnetic quantum number specifies orientation of the orbital in space, as can be seen in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\).
There are four quantum numbers for atoms: n = 1,2,3,... - principal quantum number; describes the energy level. l = 0,1,2,...,n − 1 - angular momentum quantum number; describes the shape of the orbital. 0 ↔ s,1 ↔ p,2 ↔ d,3 ↔ f,..., etc. The ordering is s,p,d,f,g,h,i,k,....
Thus, the two electrons in the carbon 2p orbitals have identical n, l, and m s quantum numbers and differ in their m l quantum number (in accord with the Pauli exclusion principle). The electron configuration and orbital diagram for carbon are:
The electron configuration and the orbital diagram are: Following hydrogen is the noble gas helium, which has an atomic number of 2. The helium atom contains two protons and two electrons. The first electron has the same four quantum numbers as the hydrogen atom electron (n = 1, l = 0, ml = 0, ).
