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In CNS development, neural stem cells are special pluripotent cells that produce only radial glial cells. These radial glial cells then differentiate into neurons and glial cells, forming the central nervous system.
At the end of the axon is a terminal button, which forms synapses with spines, or protrusions, on the dendrites of neurons. Synapses form between the presynaptic terminal button (neuron sending the signal) and the postsynaptic membrane (neuron receiving the signal; see Figure 3).
5 Απρ 2023 · These specialized cells are the information-processing units of the brain responsible for receiving and transmitting information. Each part of the neuron, from the dendrite to the terminal buttons found at the end of the axon, plays a role in communicating information throughout the body.
16 Ιαν 2024 · Located at the end of the neuron, the axon terminals (terminal buttons) are responsible for transmitting signals to other neurons. At the end of the terminal button is a gap, which is known as a synapse. Terminal buttons hold vessels that contain neurotransmitters.
The action potential from an electrical impulse moves rapidly down the axon to the terminal buttons. At the terminal button, synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synapse.
In this chapter we will learn how these processes generate the signals within and between neurons that form the basis for the information processing in the brain. Signals are transmitted electrically within neurons and chemically between neurons, at synapses.
Here we will focus specifically on synapses between the terminal button of an axon and a dendritic spine; however, synapses can also form between the terminal button of an axon and the soma or the axon of another neuron.
