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5 Μαΐ 2022 · The bacterium Y. pestis, the agent that causes plague, can temporarily or permanently block the proventriculus and blood flow from the esophagus to the midgut in fleas by forming a biofilm. Y. pestis can be transmitted by early-phase transmission, before a biofilm forms, and blockage-dependent transmission.
As the Y. pestis aggregates grew in the proventriculus, they interfered with its valvular function, permitting regurgitation of blood, carrying bacteria from the midgut or the proventriculus along with it, back into the bite site.
Yersinia pestis is known to block the proventriculus of the flea, causing it to regurgitate its blood meal, and hence release the bacterium into the host where it causes infection (Figure 6); however, Eisen et al. (2007) demonstrated that early Yersinia pestis transmission prior to blockage is still quite efficient.
22 Ιαν 2018 · Peer-reviewed. Research Article. Infectious blood source alters early foregut infection and regurgitative transmission of Yersinia pestis by rodent fleas. David M. Bland , Clayton O. Jarrett, Christopher F. Bosio, B. Joseph Hinnebusch. Published: January 22, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006859. Article. Authors. Metrics. Comments.
Early-phase transmission (EPT) of Yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas is a well-documented, replicable phenomenon with poorly defined mechanisms. We review evidence demonstrating EPT and current knowledge on its biological and biomechanical processes.
Plague is usually transmitted by flea biting, although infection can occur by direct contact or ingestion [7,8]. When a flea feeds on a septicemic mammal, blood containing Y. pestis enters the flea’s midgut.
the rodents by the bite of an infected flea in which regurgitation of the blood due to obstruction (blocking) of the proventriculus introduces the plague bacilli into the body of the host. This blocking according to Bacot and Martin (1914) is caused by a rapid multiplication of the bacilli which eventually fill up the interspaces be-
