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Boiling Points of Alcohols. The oxygen in alcohols and phenols is sp 3 hybridized which gives the roughly the same tetrahedral geometry as water. The bond angle of methanol (108.5 o) is slightly less than the tetrahedral value mainly due to the presence of its lone pair electrons.
15 Σεπ 2022 · Learning Objectives. Explain why the boiling points of alcohols are higher than those of ethers and alkanes of similar molar masses. Explain why alcohols and ethers of four or fewer carbon atoms are soluble in water while comparable alkanes are not soluble.
23 Σεπ 2024 · Alcohols and phenols have nearly the same geometry around the oxygen atom as water. The R–O–H bond angle has an approximately tetrahedral value (108.5° in methanol, for instance), and the oxygen atom is sp 3 -hybridized.
The boiling points of alcohols are much higher than those of alkanes with similar molecular weights. For example, ethanol, with a molecular weight (MW) of 46, has a boiling point of 78 °C (173 °F), whereas propane (MW 44) has a boiling point of −42 °C (−44 °F).
By understanding the impact of molecular structure on boiling points and solubilities, you can make informed predictions and rankings of structurally similar compounds. Key factors include intermolecular forces, molecular size, and polarity.
17 Σεπ 2014 · Introduction to alcohol nomenclature: primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, hydrogen bonding, boiling points, polarity, and water-solubility.
Key Takeaways. Alcohols have higher boiling points than do ethers and alkanes of similar molar masses because the OH group allows alcohol molecules to engage in hydrogen bonding.
