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Identify key characteristics that make the pediatric respiratory system different than adults. Explore common conditions associated with pediatric illness. Review and identify specific characteristics of pediatric anatomy as it differs from adults. Differentiate between Respiratory Distress and Respiratory Failure.
RDS is characterized by tachypnea (>60 breaths/min), intercostal and subcostal retractions, nasal flaring, grunting, and cyanosis in room air. Tachypnea is due to an attempt to increase minute ventilation to compensate for a decreased tidal volume and increased dead space.
Common causes of paediatric respiratory distress include bronchiolitis, wheeze in the preschool child, asthma and pneumonia. Less common causes include interstitial lung disease, pulmonary aspiration and problems associated with tracheostomies.
Infants and young kids have small airways compared to adults • Can quickly develop clinically significant airway obstruction • Acute airway obstruction- whatever the etiology- can be life threatening • Complete obstruction will lead to respiratory failure progress to cardiac arrest in minutes •
Respiratory distress is when a child has many signs and symptoms of breathing problems. Infections, chronic illness, or a blocked airway can cause respiratory distress. Children who were born early (premature) or have been in the hospital for respiratory problems may be at greater risk.
paediatric respiratory distress syndrome. paediatrics. Learning objectives. By reading this article, you should be able to: •. Describe pulmonary mechanics and the difference between adults and children. •. Illustrate the development of lung injury and the impact on normal physiology. •.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome of noncardiogenic pul-monary edema characterized by hypoxemia, radiographic infiltrates, decreased functional residual capacity, and decreased lung compliance.
