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More men than women smoke from when they are adolescents in middle school (4.0 % women vs. 4.5 % men) to middle age (45–64 year olds; 18.5 % women vs. 24.5 % men) [8, 9]. Conversely, among those aged 65 and older the prevalence of smoking is slightly higher for women (9.3 % women vs. 8.9 % men) [8].
1 Οκτ 2009 · We examine the association between education and smoking by women in the population, including smoking during pregnancy, and identify risk factors for smoking and the consequences of smoking in pregnancy for children's smoking and behavioral problems.
15 Ιαν 2023 · Nationally representative survey data from 1966 to 2018 were used to examine smoking behaviors by age, birth cohort, calendar year, and gender for 5 educational attainment groups. Current smoking prevalence decreased in all education groups; however, differences between groups widened over time.
31 Ιουλ 2022 · Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for education and smoking were analyzed by linear fixed effects regression models.
We must have a better understanding of key factors that influence smoking initiation among women and girls to address the growing epidemic of women smokers and the looming impact on women’s health worldwide.
These findings suggest that the health education smoking prevention intervention incorporates techniques and strategies that influence the perceived behavioral control variable, emphasizing students’ strong interest in educationally theorized programs integrating technology into their design.
10 Οκτ 2022 · By overcoming many of the limitations of traditional meta-analyses, our approach provides comprehensive, up-to-date and easy-to-use estimates of the evidence on the health effects of smoking.
